Artikel Akademik
Kumpulan jurnal, tesis, dan makalah penelitian ilmiah.
Sexual Violence as Torture: Crimes against Humanity during the 1965–66 Killings in Indonesia
Abstrak
In this article, I argue that sexualized forms of torture perpetrated mainly against women and girls in political detention camps across Indonesia between 1965 and 1970 were crimes against humanity. To make this argument, I draw upon some key cases in international criminal case law regarding the prosecution of sexual... violence as torture as crimes against humanity. The prosecution of these cases is instructive for considering such crimes in the Indonesian case because they defined much of the gender jurisprudence for international crimes and because they were based on evidence given by women survivors. I contend that these sexualized forms...
Women’s Rights in Indonesia in the 1950s: The Progression and Stagnation of the Government’s Actions, and the Effects of Class, Race, and Feminism within the Women’s Rights Movement
Abstrak
In the newly created nation state of Indonesia, women’s rights were initially incorporated in the 1945 constitution and subsequent legislation such as the equal pay act and unbanning women’s organisations. However, these initial steps received no follow through from the government. The progression of women’s rights stagnated due to inefficient... government action, women not getting elected to government, and the indecision about changing marriage law. I will argue that this stagnation was because of three main contentions surrounding women’s issues. Firstly, factors such as religion created splits in the women’s movement and prevented them from appearing as a homogenous group,...
Indonesian Women and Anti-Imperial Activism and Thinking, 1945-1965
Abstrak
In this essay I provide some general context for understanding Indonesian women's anti-imperial activism from the 1940s to mid 1960s and introduce the document collection covering Indonesian women and empire. In section one of the essay, entitled "defining anti-imperial activism," I explain my working definition of anti-imperial activism and why... the documents in this collection focus on the first twenty years after Indonesia's formal independence. In section two of the essay, entitled "introducing Gerwani (the Indonesian Women's Movement) and the WIDF (Women's International Democratic Federation)," I discuss the two organizations that produced and published the documents included in the database....
Pelecehan seksual terhadap Gerwani: Kisah Atikah – Djamilah dan Djemilah
Abstrak
Ketika pada tanggal 1 Oktober 1965 enam orang jenderal dan seorang letnan diculik serta dibunuh, tak terbayang oleh seorangpun bahwa teror yang akan terjadi sebagai dampak peristiwa ini di kemudian hari ditanggung jutaan orang Indonesia, bahkan sebagai bangsa secara keseluruhan. Dalam usianya yang masih pendek, Republik muda ini harus menghadapi... krisis yang begitu gawat. Presiden Sukarno memang berhasil menjaga persatuan. Menyusul kerusuhan regional tahun 1950an, beberapa partai politik dilarang dan beberapa tokoh dipenjara. Tetapi tahun 1965 adalah neraka yang benar-benar membara. Zaman memang sudah lain, perekonomian porak poranda, dan ketegangan antara tentara dengan PKI, Partai Komunis Indonesia, makin menjadi-jadi. Tetapi...
Gerwani Bukan Tukang Potong Alat Kelamin Jenderal, Itu Hanya Rekayasa!
Abstrak
Versi ‘jurnal’ dari Tugas Karya Akhir yang ditulis oleh Lidya Apriliani yang berjudul “Konstruksi Perempuan Jalang terhadap Gerwani dalam Koran ‘Berita Yudha’ dan’ Angkatan Bersendjata’ paska G-30-S sebagai Kekerasan Berbasis Gender”.
Sexual Slander and the 1965/66 Mass Killings in Indonesia: Political and Methodological Considerations
Abstrak
Indonesia has been haunted by the “spectre of communism” since the putsch by military officers on 1 October 1965. That event saw the country's top brass murdered and the military attributing this putsch to the Communist Party. The genocide that followed was triggered by a campaign of sexual slander. This... led to the real coup and the replacement of President Sukarno by General Suharto. Today, accusations about communism continue to play a major role in public life and state control remains shored up by control over women's bodies. This article introduces the putsch and the socialist women's organisation Gerwani, members...
Lubang Buaya: Mitos dan Kontra-Mitos
Abstrak
Wacana tentang Lubang Buaya merupakan salah satu wacana dominan dalam masa pemerintahan Orde Baru. Narasi-narasi resmi yang diproduksi negara (state) dan direproduksi masyarakat (society) cenderung menyebarkan kesan menakutkan bahkan menyeramkan. Makalah ini mencoba memahami narasi-narasi tentang Lubang Buaya sebagai sebuah mitos politik. Dalam penelusuran lebih jauh, ditemukan kenyataan bahwa mitos... Lubang Buaya yang telah diawetkan melalui narasi sejarah, monumen, museum, film, hari peringatan sesungguhnya telah mengalami proses demitologisasi. Secara khusus, sastrawan Indonesia mengawali proses demitologisasi Lubang Buaya dengan menciptakan kontra mitos dalam karya-karya mereka. Makalah ini menyimpulkan tiga hal. Pertama, mitos tentang peristiwa yang terjadi di Lubang Buaya mengandung muatan...
How Did the Generals Die?
Abstrak
Surprises often come to light when one rummages through dusty, crowded attics. In the course of casually rummaging through the hundreds of photocopied pages of the stenographic record of Air Force Lieutenant-Colonel Heru Atmodjo's trial before the judges of the Extraordinary Military Tribunal (Mahmilub), I came across the documents translated... below, which in their original form were included as appendices to the trial record. They consist of the reports composed by the team of five experts in forensic medicine who examined the bodies of the six generals (Yani, Suprapto, Parman, Sutojo, Harjono, and Pandjaitan) and lone, young lieutenant (Tendean) killed...
Coded Feminisms in Indonesia
Abstrak
Citizen labs often take in the role of promoting equality and tech literacy in their community. These two aims are entangled when it comes to enabling free speech online and offline. The methods of Indonesian citizen labs were shaped by decades of state propaganda and extended colonialism. These citizen labs... also have deep roots in Indonesia's history, which informs the way critical media practises are cultivated. Sharing tech skills, offering formats for critical thinking and creativity was performed with a specific form of care, one that protects participants through encoding. In this paper we want to focus on three generations...
Indonesian Women, the Women's International Democratic Federation and the Struggle for ‘Women's Rights’, 1946–1965
Abstrak
This article examines the transnational links Indonesian women made with women abroad by means of participation in the WIDF (Women's International Democratic Federation) from 1946–1965. Drawing on Indonesian women's speeches at WIDF congresses, contributions to WIDF publications and documents from Gerwani (Gerakan Wanita Indonesia, the Indonesian Women's movement) national congresses... the article argues that the WIDF provided an important political compass for Indonesian women on the political left and directly influenced the form and content of its campaign for women's rights. At the same time Gerwani women were able to draw attention and attract support from the extensive membership of...
Umi Sardjono (1923–2011) and the Quest to Build a New Society for Indonesian Women
Abstrak
This chapter presents a biography of Umi Sardjono, one of the most important women activists on the political left in Indonesia in the period of 1940s to 1960s. We focus on her ongoing efforts to build a new, more just society for Indonesian women, based on a strong commitment to... the rights of working women. She believed this goal could only be achieved by ending imperialism and implementing a socialist society. As Head of one of the most progressive women’s organizations, Gerakan Wanita Indonesia (The Indonesian Women’s Movement, Gerwani), Umi Sardjono advocated for reforms and ongoing struggles against the sources...
The Cold War, Indonesian women and the global anti-imperialist movement, 1946–65
Abstrak
In 1960 the world’s largest women’s organization, the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF), held a bureau meeting in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. In a rather gushing account a journalist for the women’s newspaper Api Kartini (Kartini’s Flame), named after Indonesia’s first feminist, wrote: Women of different skin colours... declared in several languages, feelings of love and affection towards one another and towards children, feelings of respect and value as well as the support for the struggle of people in general and for the struggle of Indonesian women; this was in brief the atmosphere of the WIDF bureau meeting.